Structured credit encompasses a range of sophisticated debt instruments that sit between traditional senior debt and equity. These solutions are designed for complex transactions requiring flexible capital structures, higher leverage, or customized terms that standard bank financing cannot accommodate.
Mezzanine Debt
Structure Overview
Mezzanine debt is subordinated to senior debt but ranks above equity. It typically combines debt characteristics (regular interest payments) with equity participation (warrants or profit-sharing).
Typical Features:
- • Interest rates: 12-16% (cash + PIK)
- • Equity kicker: 10-20% warrant coverage
- • Tenor: 5-7 years
- • Minimal covenants
Use Cases:
- • Leveraged buyouts
- • Growth capital
- • Acquisitions
- • Recapitalizations
Unitranche Financing
Unitranche combines senior and subordinated debt into a single facility with blended pricing. This simplified structure has become increasingly popular in middle-market transactions.
| Feature | Traditional Structure | Unitranche |
|---|---|---|
| Lenders | Multiple (senior + mezz) | Single lender |
| Pricing | Layered rates | Blended S + 650-850 bps |
| Documentation | Multiple agreements | Single credit agreement |
| Execution Time | 8-12 weeks | 4-8 weeks |
| Intercreditor Issues | Complex negotiations | None |
Bespoke Structures
Custom Solutions
Structured credit allows for highly customized solutions tailored to specific transaction needs:
- Payment-in-kind (PIK) toggles
- Contingent payment structures
- Revenue or EBITDA-linked pricing
- Convertible features
Risk Considerations
Structured credit involves additional complexity and risk:
- Subordination to senior lenders
- Higher cost of capital
- Equity dilution from warrants
- Complex documentation
Related Insights
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